Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic disorder occurring during pregnancy, characterized by impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. Beyond systemic complications, GDM may have significant implications for oral health, particularly within the stomatognathic system. Objective: This narrative review aims to explore the impact of GDM on the stomatognathic system, focusing on periodontal status, mucosal health, and temporomandibular function. Materials and methods: A literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed and Scopus to identify studies published between 2010 and 2024. The review included observational studies, clinical trials, and systematic reviews addressing oral health in pregnant women diagnosed with GDM. Results and discussion:Evidence suggests that GDM is associated with increased risk of periodontal disease, gingival inflammation, xerostomia, and fungal infections. The hyperglycemic and pro-inflammatory state observed in GDM can compromise oral tissues and impair healing responses. Additionally, hormonal changes combined with metabolic dysfunction may exacerbate temporomandibular joint discomfort and muscular imbalance. Conclusions: Gestational diabetes can significantly affect oral health through its impact on the stomatognathic system. Early dental screening, patient education, and interdisciplinary collaboration between obstetricians, diabetologists, and dental professionals are essential in the prenatal care of women with GDM.
Keywords:- Gestational diabetes mellitus
- oral health
- pregnancy
- stomatognathic system