Introduction: Oral health is an important indicator of overall health and quality of life. According to WHO (2022), oral diseases rank among the most common noncommunicable diseases, affecting more than 3.5 billion people worldwide. Objectives: To identify dietary risk factors associated with dental caries in children aged 5–12 years. Materials and methods: The study sample consisted of 165 children and their parents. Data was collected between October 2022 and March 2023 using the standardized Oral Health Questionnaire for Children (WHO, 2013), a non-standardized questionnaire, and clinical examination (DMFT/dmft index, QHI index, Cariogram, dietary protocol). Data was analyzed using SPSS 13.0, R, and Microsoft Excel 365. Results and discussion: Overweight was observed in 44.8% of children. Sweets were consumed several times a week by 52.1% of children, and sugary drinks by 40.0%. The DMFT/dmft index indicated a high to very high risk of dental caries in 34.5% of the children, while theCariogram identified a high risk in 70.3% of respondents. Conclusions: Maintaining good oral health is a key component of lifelong prevention. The prevalenceofdental caries among children in Slovakiaremains alarming, despiteaslightly declining trend in recent years. Keywords: QHI index, DMFT index, cariogenic diet, cariogram, prevention, dietary protocol, risk factors of dental caries