The shift towards minimally invasive dentistry has turned photobiology into a clinical necessity rather than a theoretical concept. Frenectomy, defined as the surgical correction of pathological labial, lingual, or buccal frenal attachments, is a common oral surgical procedure in periodontal, orthodontic, and prosthodontic practice. Over the past two decades, photobiological principles – the study of light – tissue interactions – have been increasingly applied to frenulum surgery through the use of diode, carbon dioxide (CO2), neodymium-doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG), and erbium-family (Er:YAG, Er,Cr:YSGG) lasers, as well as adjunctive low-level light therapy or photobiomodulation (PBM). This review evaluates the clinical efficacy and biological mechanisms of these laser applications, delineates clinical indications for photobiological interventions in labial and lingual frenectomy, and critically examines comparative evidence regarding intraoperative and postoperative outcomes. Current evidence indicates that laser-assisted frenectomy enables simultaneous ablation and hemostasis, reduces or eliminates the need for sutures, decreases postoperative pain and edema, and promotes faster soft-tissue epithelialization compared to conventional surgery.