Adipocytes, or fat cells, are key regulators of systemic inflammation through their secretion of cytokines, including pro-inflammatory molecules such as TNF-α (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha) and IL-6 (Interleukin-6). These cytokines contribute to both systemic and local inflammation, potentially exacerbating periodontal disease. Obesity, characterized by an increase in adipocyte number and size, is associated with insulin resistance and chronic low-grade inflammation, which can significantly impact periodontal tissue health. Increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, released by adipocytes, such as TNF-α and IL-6, have been shown to exacerbate periodontal inflammation by stimulating immune responses and recruiting inflammatory cells to periodontal tissues. Leptin, which is present in high concentrations in obesity, further promotes periodontal inflammation and bone degradation. In contrast, low adiponectin levels, commonly seen in obese individuals, are linked to increased severity of periodontal inflammation, as the protective effects of adiponectin are diminished.
Keywords:- adipocytes
- cytokines
- inflammatory factors
- interleukins
- PERIODONTAL DISEASES