HALITOSIS AS A STRESS-MODULATED ALLERGIC CONDITION: NOT JUST AN ORAL DISEASE

Authors: Ahmed Adel Mansour KAMAR, Ioannis MAVROUDIS, Alin-Stelian CIOBÎCĂ

Abstract:

Halitosis is a frequent complaint in dental practice, having an important social and psychological impact. It is commonly considered an oral condition related to tongue coating, gingivitis, periodontal disease, or inadequate oral hygiene. However, many patients continue to report bad breath even after appropriate dental treatment and acceptable oral findings. This suggests that additional mechanisms may be involved. Allergic conditions and psychological stress are increasingly recognized as contributing factors. Allergic reactions may affect not only the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, but also the gingiva, palate, tongue, and throat, leading to inflammation and changes in the oral environment. Psychological stress may further influence salivary secretion, immune response, and perception of symptoms. This article shows that, in selected patients, halitosis represents a stress-modulated allergic condition rather than a purely oral disease. Recognizing this interaction may improve diagnosis and management in dental practice. Keywords: halitosis, allergies, dental practice.