Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease with Lewy bodies, and other forms of dementia, are characterized by progressive neuronal loss and cognitive decline. Emerging evidence suggests that chronic systemic inflammation and microbial dysbiosis play a significant role in their pathogenesis. Oral microbiota represents a dynamic microbial community with the potential to influence systemic and neurological health. Oral dysbiosis, particularly in the context of periodontal disease, has been associated with increased inflammatory burden, bacterial translocation, and neuroinflammatory processes. Key periodontal pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis have been identified in brain tissues and are implicated in amyloid-beta aggregation and neurodegeneration. This study explores the mechanistic pathways linking oral microbiota dysbiosis to neurodegenerative disorders, highlighting shared inflammatory and molecular pathways across Alzheimer’s disease and Lewy body dementia. Understanding these interactions may provide novel insights into early diagnosis, prevention, and therapeutic strategies targeting oral health.
Keywords: oral microbiome, neuroinflammation, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Lewy body dementia.