Oral microbiota represents a complex and dynamic ecosystem essential for maintaining both oral and systemic health. Disruptions in this finely regulated microbial balance are associated with the development of oral diseases, including dental caries and periodontitis, as well as systemic inflammatory conditions. Natural apicultural products, particularly honey and propolis, have attracted increasing scientific interest due to their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and biofilm-modulating properties. Among these, formulations combining honey with higher concentrations of propolis, such as Propolis Ultra in Honey, offer enhanced biological activity due to their enriched phenolic and flavonoid content. Unlike conventional antiseptics that may indiscriminately affect the oral microbiome, these natural compounds exhibit selective antimicrobial effects. This study explores the mechanisms through which honey–propolis formulations influence oral microbial balance, including inhibition of pathogenic bacteria, disruption of biofilm formation, and modulation of inflammatory pathways. Special emphasis is placed on formulations with prolonged oral retention, such as propolis-enriched honey matrices, which allow sustained contact with oral surfaces and increased interaction with dental biofilms. Overall, high-concentration propolis–honey formulations represent promising adjunctive strategies for the prevention and management of oral dysbiosis.
Keywords: oral microbiota, propolis, honey, biofilm modulation, oral dysbiosis.